the purpose of this study was to determine if social cohesion mediates the effects of neighborhood and household-level socioeconomic status (ses), perceptions of neighborhood safety, and access to parks on mothers’ engagement in physical activity ...
this paper takes as its starting point the interdependency of housing and neighbourhood and through a multiscalar perspective explores a tension between heterogeneity and cohesion in the arenas of housing and neighbourhood. first, it discusses
consultation on the community safety strategy.
background neighborhood factors of social isolation have been understudied, hindering efforts to reduce social isolation at the neighborhood level. this study aims to investigate the longitudinal effects of neighborhood social cohesion and physical disorder on social isolation in community-dwelling older adults, as well as to examine whether race/ethnicity moderates the neighborhood-isolation relationship. methods we used 11-year data from the national health and aging trend study, a longitudinal national study of medicare beneficiaries aged 65 and older. social isolation was measured through a summary score across four domains: marital/partner status, family and friend contact, religious attendance, and club participation. a series of weighted mixed-effects logistic regression models were performed to test the study aims. sample sizes ranged from 7,303 to 7,291 across individual domains of social isolation. results approximately 20% of participants reported social isolation. findings indicated a negative association between neighborhood social cohesion and social isolation. higher levels of neighborhood social cohesion were longitudinally associated with lower odds of social isolation (odds ratio [or] = 0.52, 95% ci: 0.47–0.58). yet, the presence of neighborhood physical disorder was associated with an increased risk of overall social isolation ([or] = 1.2, 95% ci: 1.00, 1.44). race/ethnicity significantly moderated the effects of neighborhood social cohesion and physical disorder on social isolation. the odds of no in-person visits associated with neighborhood social cohesion are smaller among black adults compared to white adults. black adults had constantly lower odds of isolation from religious attendance compared to white adults regardless of the level of neighborhood social cohesion. hispanic adults had decreased odds of having no friends associated with signs of physical disorder, while no associations were found among older white adults. white adults had higher odds of isolation from in-person visits when living in neighborhoods with signs of physical disorder, whereas no association was observed among older black and hispanic adults. conclusions this study elucidates the role of neighborhood characteristics in shaping social isolation dynamics among older adults. furthermore, the observed moderation effects of race/ethnicity suggest the need for culturally sensitive interventions tailored to address social isolation within specific neighborhood and racial contexts.
despite longstanding ideas in sociology and related disciplines that hold rural life as being more communal and harmonious, little is known about the ways that social cohesion is defined or distribut
background neighborhood social cohesion (nsc) is the network of relationships as well as the shared values and norms of residents in a neighborhood. higher nsc has been associated with improved cardiovascular health, largely among whites but not african americans. in a bi-racial cohort, we aimed to study the association between nsc and chronic disease awareness and engagement in healthy self-management behaviors, two potential mechanisms by which nsc could impact cardiovascular health outcomes. methods using the healthy aging in neighborhoods of diversity across the lifespan study (handls), we cross-sectionally examined the association between nsc and awareness of three chronic conditions (diabetes, chronic kidney disease (ckd), and hypertension) and engagement in healthy self-management behaviors including physical activity, healthy eating, and cigarette avoidance. results study participants (n = 2082) had a mean age of 56.5 years; 38.7% were white and 61.4% african american. of the participants, 26% had diabetes, 70% had hypertension and 20.2% had ckd. mean nsc was 3.3 (sd = 0.80) on a scale of 1 (lowest score) to 5 (highest score). there was no significant association between nsc and any chronic disease awareness, overall or by race. however, each higher point in mean nsc score was associated with less cigarette use and healthier eating scores, among whites (adjusted odds ratio [aor], 95% confidence interval [ci]: =0.76, 0.61–0.94; beta coefficient [βc]:, 95% ci: 1.75; 0.55–2.97, respectively) but not african americans (aor = 0.95, 0.79–1.13; βc: 0.46, − 0.48–1.39, respectively; pinteraction = 0.08 and 0.06). among both whites and african americans, higher nsc scores were associated with increases in self-reported physical activity (βc: 0.12; 0.08–0.16; pinteraction = 0.40). conclusions community engagement and neighborhood social cohesion may be important targets for promotion of healthy behaviors and cardiovascular disease prevention. more research is needed to understand the different associations of nsc and healthy behaviors by race.
debates over policy relating to immigration and ethnic diversity in the uk are highly charged and ideological. many argue that immigration harms social cohesion because it increases the level of et…
to examine the role of neighborhood social conditions and walking in community-dwelling older adults. a multi-level analysis of data from 4,317 older adults (mean age = 74.5; 73% black) from a geographically-defined urban community. participants ...
despite longstanding ideas in sociology and related disciplines that hold rural life as being more communal and harmonious, little is known about the ways that social cohesion is defined or distributed in rural versus urban places. stemming largely from scholarship on urban neighborhood inequality and concentrated disadvantage, as well as subsequent offshoots of collective efficacy theory, studies of place-based cohesion have been largely urban-centric. in this study we seek to examine whether cohesion varies significantly across rural and urban contexts and whether place-based poverty is related to cohesion similarly in each context. we expand beyond local studies to use data from the 2016 missouri crime victimization survey (n = 1873), which contains strong rural and urban samples, and is broadly representative of the state of missouri—a state in which the population is approximately 30 percent rural—to examine these questions. descriptive statistics show the social cohesion index, neighbors’ willingness to help, and perceptions of them being close knit and trusted as being significantly higher in rural communities, but that perceptions that neighbors get along and share the same values did not significantly differ. local poverty significantly predicted one item, trust, in rural communities and the cohesion index and all of its components in urban communities. after including controls, coefficients on poverty retained significance for trust in rural communities and for four of six outcomes in urban ones, but they did not differ significantly across groups in equality of coefficients tests. poverty was most strongly and consistently associated with perceptions of trust in both locales. results contribute to a more refined understanding of the ways that social cohesion is conceptualized in different places, and the extent to which poverty plays into residents’ perceptions.
new research turns received wisdom about the effect which diversity has on local communities.
guidance on the six facets that can provide a useful framework for schools to develop their work to promote community cohesion.
defining and measuring community cohesion will be tricky but we must try. stephen muers looks at its history and how we can define it in the future
neighbourhood cohesion is a concept describing the residents’ sense of community, engagement in acts of neighbouring, and attractiveness of living in the neighbourhood. since 2000’s the term ‘cohesion’ has also been used in geography and in spatial policy to represent the distribution of functions and opportunities in space. the two approaches seem be complementary, but they lack consistency and appropriate conceptual framework. this paper aims at developing an integrated methodological framework which will include both social and spatial aspects of cohesion at the local level. its empirical content refers to studies conducted in 2017–2019 in five locations in poland. three methods of spatial analysis are presented depicting various aspects of territorial cohesion of a neighbourhood: functional balance, accessibility of facilities and match between supply and demand. such approach enables effective measurement and comparison of neighbourhoods representing various settlement types. the results show that the highest levels of cohesion were obtained for large cities where the density of amenities is the highest, and the lowest levels were noted in suburban settlements which confirms their malfunctioning character. the paper concludes with a critical revision of the concept of neighbourhood cohesion which can serve as a guideline for local urban policy.
with the first of this year’s tedxbrayford pool salon’s about making a 22nd-century city on the horizon, which explores the theme of place, we look at the concept of community cohesion and its importance in creating cities of the future. so, what is community cohesion?community cohesion refers to the level of connectedness and sense of belonging among individuals in a given community and is vital for the development of a healthy and sustainable society. the sense of belonging is an essential par
the importance of neighborhoods for community cohesion
definition and purpose of community cohesion index (cci) the community cohesion index (cci) is a statistical measure that is used
a theme within our cep community wellbeing programme. find out more about our research and staff working on community cohesion